A protective role for APP in nuclear waste clearance via lysosomal exocytosis

G Godfried Dougnon (Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University) T Takayoshi Otsuka (The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut) Y Yuka Nakamura (Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University) A Akiko Sakai (Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University) T Tomoyuki Yamanaka (Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University) N Noriko Matsui (Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University) A Asa Nakahara (Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University) A Ai Ito (Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University) A Atsushi Hatano (Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University) M Masaki Matsumoto (Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University) H Hironaka Igarashi (Department of Biological Magnetic Resonance, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University) A Akiyoshi Kakita (Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University) M Masaki Ueno (Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University) H Hideaki Matsui (Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University)

Abstract

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is widely known for its role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis through its proteolytic processing into amyloid-β peptides. However, its physiological functions remain incompletely understood. Here, we uncover a protective role for full-length APP in facilitating the disposal of nuclear-derived debris under genotoxic stress. In both cultured cells and in vivo mouse models, loss of APP leads to nuclear waste accumulation, increased inflammation, and cell death, whereas APP overexpression mitigates these effects. Mechanistically, we show that APP supports the extracellular release of nuclear waste material through lysosomal exocytosis. APP mutants associated with familial AD fail to mediate this process. Consistently, human AD brain tissue exhibits abnormal nuclear morphology, accumulation of nuclear waste in the cytoplasm, and reduced APP levels per neuron. These findings highlight a conserved cellular mechanism by which APP contributes to nuclear and cellular homeostasis, and suggest that impaired nuclear waste clearance may represent an underappreciated contributor to neurodegeneration.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 24
Published June 16, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (14)

G

Godfried Dougnon

Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University

T

Takayoshi Otsuka

The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut

Y

Yuka Nakamura

Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University

A

Akiko Sakai

Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University

T

Tomoyuki Yamanaka

Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University

N

Noriko Matsui

Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University

A

Asa Nakahara

Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University

A

Ai Ito

Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University

A

Atsushi Hatano

Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University

M

Masaki Matsumoto

Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University

H

Hironaka Igarashi

Department of Biological Magnetic Resonance, Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University

A

Akiyoshi Kakita

Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University

M

Masaki Ueno

Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University

H

Hideaki Matsui

Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University