A prognostic human brain network for diffuse midline glioma

J Jai Sidpra V Valentina Lind A Alexander L. Cohen F Frederic L. W. V. J. Schaper T Thomas J. Stone Y Yura Grabovska A Asthik Biswas S Sniya Sudhakar F Francisco Sepulveda B Bruno S. Peres G Greta Veronese C Cristina Alemán-Charlet O Olumide Ogunbiyi K Kiarash Shamardani J Jiaqi Zhao A Alberto Castro Palacin G Gillian Miller R Raffaella S. Opipari E Enrico De Vita D Deborah Ridout S Suely F. Ferraciolli L Leandro T. Lucato J Jernej Avsenik E Eleonora Piccirilli A Andrés Morales-La Madrid J Jordi Muchart M Maura E. Ryan R Rajan Patel P Parthiv Haldipur C Ciaran S. Hill M Marie T. Krüger L Ludvic Zrinzo N Noor ul Owase Jeelani J Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera A Andrew M. Donson K Kathleen Dorris P Paul S. Morgan A Alan Mackay H Humsa S. Venkatesh A Andreas Horn S Sabine Mueller A Adam L. Green D David M. Mirsky H Harith Akram C Chris Jones K Kristian Aquilina K Kshitij Mankad M Michelle Monje T Thomas S. Jacques M Michael D. Fox D Darren R. Hargrave

Abstract

Abstract Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are near-universally lethal tumours of the childhood central nervous system 1,2 . In animal models, DMGs form brain-wide integrated networks through neuron-to-glioma synapses 3–6 and glioma-to-glioma gap junctional coupling 3 . This extensive connectivity robustly promotes the growth and invasion of DMG 3–9 and other glial malignancies 10–12 through paracrine mechanisms and direct neuron-to-glioma synapses. However, the organization and clinical implications of these connections in the living human brain remain to be elucidated. Here, we develop tumour network mapping to compute the brain-wide connectivity profile of DMG, defining a conserved brain network across pontine and thalamic DMG associated with patient short-term survival (DMG network). Tumour functional connectivity with the DMG network was independently predictive of patient overall survival across two external validation cohorts. Tumour growth mapped to DMG network-specific trajectories and peak in-network neurometabolic changes across development spatiotemporally aligned with the peak age incidence of DMG. Analyses of single-nucleus RNA sequencing data confirmed diverse synaptic gene enrichment in high-connectivity DMG. Strikingly, incidental surgical resection of high-connectivity thalamic DMG tissue conferred a significant survival advantage. Collectively, these data define a conserved and prognostically important brain network in children with DMG, consistent with the hypothesis that DMGs exploit otherwise healthy brain circuits to promote tumour growth.

Article Details

Journal Nature
Volume / Issue Vol. 655, Issue 8123
Published July 16, 2026
Pages 769-779
ISSN 0028-0836
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 0028-0836 Health Sciences

Authors (51)

J

Jai Sidpra

V

Valentina Lind

A

Alexander L. Cohen

F

Frederic L. W. V. J. Schaper

T

Thomas J. Stone

Y

Yura Grabovska

A

Asthik Biswas

S

Sniya Sudhakar

F

Francisco Sepulveda

B

Bruno S. Peres

G

Greta Veronese

C

Cristina Alemán-Charlet

O

Olumide Ogunbiyi

K

Kiarash Shamardani

J

Jiaqi Zhao

A

Alberto Castro Palacin

G

Gillian Miller

R

Raffaella S. Opipari

E

Enrico De Vita

D

Deborah Ridout

S

Suely F. Ferraciolli

L

Leandro T. Lucato

J

Jernej Avsenik

E

Eleonora Piccirilli

A

Andrés Morales-La Madrid

J

Jordi Muchart

M

Maura E. Ryan

R

Rajan Patel

P

Parthiv Haldipur

C

Ciaran S. Hill

M

Marie T. Krüger

L

Ludvic Zrinzo

N

Noor ul Owase Jeelani

J

Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera

A

Andrew M. Donson

K

Kathleen Dorris

P

Paul S. Morgan

A

Alan Mackay

H

Humsa S. Venkatesh

A

Andreas Horn

S

Sabine Mueller

A

Adam L. Green

D

David M. Mirsky

H

Harith Akram

C

Chris Jones

K

Kristian Aquilina

K

Kshitij Mankad

M

Michelle Monje

T

Thomas S. Jacques

M

Michael D. Fox

D

Darren R. Hargrave