A non-canonical lymphoblast in refractory childhood T-cell leukaemia

B Bram S. J. Lim H Holly J. Whitfield M Mi K. Trinh G Gianna Bloye R Rebecca Thomas (Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London) N Nathaniel D. Anderson A Anna Wenger A Angus Hodder T Taryn D. Treger H Henry Lee-Six T Tim H. H. Coorens C Conor Parks T Toochi Ogbonnah P Petri Pölönen C Charles G. Mullighan D David T. Teachey J Jason Xu K Kai Tan M Melanie Hagleitner L Lennart Kester F Frank N. van Leeuwen G Gordon Beattie M Marc R. Mansour O Owen Williams J Jack Bartram S Stuart Adams (Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London) L Laura Jardine S Sam Behjati D David O’Connor (Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London)

Abstract

Abstract Refractory cancers may arise either through the acquisition of resistance mechanisms or represent distinct disease states. The origin of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) that does not respond to initial treatment, i.e. refractory disease, is unknown. Refractory T-ALL carries a poor prognosis and cannot be predicted at diagnosis. Here, we perform single cell mRNA sequencing of T-ALL from 58 children (84 samples) who did, or did not respond to initial treatment. We identify a transcriptionally distinctive blast population, exhibiting features of innate-like lymphocytes, as the major source of refractory disease. Evidence of such blasts at diagnosis heralds refractory disease across independent datasets and is associated with survival in a large, contemporary trial cohort. Our findings portray refractory T-ALL as a distinct disease with the potential for immediate clinical utility.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 16, Issue 1
Published November 12, 2025
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (29)

B

Bram S. J. Lim

H

Holly J. Whitfield

M

Mi K. Trinh

G

Gianna Bloye

R

Rebecca Thomas

Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London

N

Nathaniel D. Anderson

A

Anna Wenger

A

Angus Hodder

T

Taryn D. Treger

H

Henry Lee-Six

T

Tim H. H. Coorens

C

Conor Parks

T

Toochi Ogbonnah

P

Petri Pölönen

C

Charles G. Mullighan

D

David T. Teachey

J

Jason Xu

K

Kai Tan

M

Melanie Hagleitner

L

Lennart Kester

F

Frank N. van Leeuwen

G

Gordon Beattie

M

Marc R. Mansour

O

Owen Williams

J

Jack Bartram

S

Stuart Adams

Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London

L

Laura Jardine

S

Sam Behjati

D

David O’Connor

Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London