A new generation of effective core potentials: Selected lanthanides and heavy elements II

Abstract

We present a new set of correlation-consistent effective core potentials (ccECPs) for selected heavy s, p, d, and f-block elements significant in materials science and chemistry (Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba, In, Sb, Pb, Ru, Cd, La, Ce, and Eu). The ccECPs are designed using minimal Gaussian parameterization to achieve smooth and bounded potentials. They are expressed as a combination of averaged relativistic effective potentials (AREPs) and effective spin–orbit terms, developed within a relativistic coupled-cluster framework. The optimization is driven by correlated all-electron (AE) atomic spectra, norm-conservation, and spin–orbit splittings, with considerations for plane wave cutoffs to ensure accuracy and viability across various electronic configurations. The transferability of these ccECPs is validated through testing on molecular oxides and hydrides, emphasizing discrepancies in molecular binding energies across a spectrum of bond lengths and electronic environments. The ccECPs demonstrate excellent agreement with AE reference calculations, attaining chemical accuracy in bond dissociation energies and equilibrium bond lengths, even in systems characterized by substantial relativistic and correlation effects. These ccECPs provide an accurate and transferable framework for valence-only calculations.