A Low‐Permeability TEMPO‐Phosphate as an Anionic Posolyte for Aqueous Redox‐Flow Batteries

E Eloi Grignon (Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada) K Kimia Hosseini (Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada) J Jônatas Faleiro Berbigier (Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada) A Ailsa K. Edward (Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada) D Dwight S. Seferos (Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada)

Abstract

ABSTRACT TEMPO is an attractive aqueous redox‐flow battery material but requires the installation of dedicated ionic groups to improve solubility and prevent crossover through ion‐exchange membranes. Although many cationic solubilizing groups have been reported, the library of anionic groups is limited. Here, we report a simple but novel dianionic phosphate solubilizing group for TEMPO. Owing to its −2 charge, the phosphate group leads to much lower TEMPO permeability through a cation exchange membrane than the more common −1 sulfate group. The new TEMPO‐bearing phosphate is paired with a viologen‐based negolyte to assemble a redox‐flow battery, where it achieves a power density of 110 mW cm −2 and a volumetric capacity of 10.6 Ah l −1 . The phosphate group can be extended to other redox‐active motifs and, therefore, represents a straightforward and effective strategy for the design of water‐soluble materials with low crossover.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 65, Issue 14
Published March 27, 2026
ISSN 1433-7851
Publisher Wiley

Journal Info

Angewandte Chemie International Edition

Wiley

ISSN: 1433-7851 Physical Sciences

Authors (5)

E

Eloi Grignon

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada

K

Kimia Hosseini

Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada

J

Jônatas Faleiro Berbigier

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada

A

Ailsa K. Edward

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada

D

Dwight S. Seferos

Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada