A low-cost four-component relativistic coupled cluster linear response theory based on perturbation sensitive natural spinors

Abstract

We present an efficient implementation of four-component linear response coupled cluster singles and doubles (4c-LRCCSD) theory that enables accurate and computationally efficient calculation of polarizabilities for systems containing heavy elements. We have observed that the frozen natural spinor (FNS)-based truncation scheme is not suitable for linear response properties, as it leads to larger errors in static and dynamic polarizability values. In this work, we have introduced a “perturbation-sensitive” density to construct the natural spinor basis, termed FNS++. Using FNS++, we achieve excellent accuracy when compared to experimental data and other theoretical results, even after truncating nearly 70% of the total virtual spinors. We also present pilot applications of the 4c-LRCCSD method to calculate the polarizability spectra of 3d transition metals. By employing the FNS++-based 4c-LRCCSD, we have been able to compute polarizabilities for systems with over 1200 virtual spinors, maintaining low computational cost and excellent accuracy.