A large-scale multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men

S Sara Brin Rosenthal A Adam X. Maihofer D Daniel Dochtermann A Armand Gerstenberger T Thomas Whisenant S Saiju Pyarajan K Kristina Allen-Brady J John N. Krieger C Caroline M. Nievergelt N Niloofar Afari M Marianna Gasperi

Abstract

Abstract Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is common, and it impacts men’s health and quality of life. The genetic basis of this condition remains largely unknown. Here, we conduct a GWAS using data from the Million Veteran Program of over 590,000 men of European, African, and Hispanic ancestry, including 14,575 chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome cases. The multi-ancestry analysis identifies eight novel loci associated with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome risk, an increase from three significant genome-wide loci found in the European participants alone. We also estimate the genetic correlations between chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and 12 phenotypes. Notably, the genetic correlation between chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and prostate cancer is not significant. Further, Mendelian randomization shows a significant, potentially bidirectional causal relationship between chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia, but not between chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and prostate cancer, suggesting a complex interplay between chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Results of bivariate causal mixture modeling indicate that some of the same genetic variants likely contribute to the development of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 17, Issue 1
Published January 09, 2026
ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher Nature Portfolio

Journal Info

Nature Communications

Nature Portfolio

ISSN: 2041-1723 Open Access Life Sciences

Authors (11)

S

Sara Brin Rosenthal

A

Adam X. Maihofer

D

Daniel Dochtermann

A

Armand Gerstenberger

T

Thomas Whisenant

S

Saiju Pyarajan

K

Kristina Allen-Brady

J

John N. Krieger

C

Caroline M. Nievergelt

N

Niloofar Afari

M

Marianna Gasperi