A human cardiomyocyte screen identifies optimized lipid nanoparticles for in vivo cardiac gene editing

Y Yehui Sun (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) Y Yu-Chung Pien (Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) Y Yufen Xiao (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) W Wei Tan E Efrain Sanchez-Ortiz (Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) M Mateusz Z. Durbacz (Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) Z Zexiang Chen (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) J John R. McAnally (Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) Y Yu Zhang (Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China) H Hui Li A Andreas C. Chai (Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) F Francesco Chemello (Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) F Fangyu Zhang (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) S Sang M. Lee (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) P Priyanka Patel (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) D Denise M. Ramirez (Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) S Sumanta Chatterjee (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) N Ning Liu E Eric N. Olson (Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center) D Daniel J. Siegwart (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center)

Abstract

RNA therapeutics offer promising potential for treating heart disease; however, their clinical application has been limited by insufficient cardiac delivery. Here, we developed a screening platform using human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to identify human cardiotropic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). By screening a chemically diverse LNP library, we identified a lead LNP, 18:1 TAP10, with potent human cardiac transfection capability. Using the Ai14 LoxP-Stop-LoxP-tdTomato reporter mouse model, we assessed 18:1 TAP10 LNP delivery of Cre mRNA in vivo via four administration routes (intravenous, intrathoracic, intracoronary, and intramyocardial (IM)) and found that each administration path enabled both the spatial distribution and cellular tropism in the heart to varying degrees. While all routes achieved robust transfection across non-CM populations (up to 40% in endothelial cells), IM injection notably enabled substantial CM transfection (36% at injection site, 13% distally). To demonstrate therapeutic potential, 18:1 TAP10 LNPs were used to deliver adenine base editor (ABE) components to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patient-derived hiPSC-CMs, resulting in 80% on-target gene correction and restoration of dystrophin expression. In a humanized DMD mouse model, we observed dystrophin-positive cardiomyocytes in the injected left ventricle following IM administration of LNP-ABE. This work establishes a human cell-based platform for discovering organ-tropic delivery vehicles and highlights LNPs as a potential modality for therapeutic mRNA delivery and gene editing in the heart.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 21
Published May 26, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (20)

Y

Yehui Sun

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Y

Yu-Chung Pien

Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Y

Yufen Xiao

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

W

Wei Tan

E

Efrain Sanchez-Ortiz

Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

M

Mateusz Z. Durbacz

Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Z

Zexiang Chen

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

J

John R. McAnally

Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Y

Yu Zhang

Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China

H

Hui Li

A

Andreas C. Chai

Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

F

Francesco Chemello

Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

F

Fangyu Zhang

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

S

Sang M. Lee

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

P

Priyanka Patel

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

D

Denise M. Ramirez

Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

S

Sumanta Chatterjee

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

N

Ning Liu

E

Eric N. Olson

Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

D

Daniel J. Siegwart

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Genetic Drug Engineering, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center