A farnesol-sensing triad in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> drives interkingdom predation on <i>Candida albicans</i> via signal transduction

Z Zhiyan Wei (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) C Changfu Li (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) F Fengge Song (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) X Xiaoying Zhang (College of Chemistry) S Shuyu Li (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) N Nuoping Xu (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) J Jingchao Zhang (College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology) Y Yan Luo (Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Porous Materials for Separation and Conversion, Fudan University, 220 Handan, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China) Y Yuxin Zuo (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) J Jitong Jiao (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) H Haiyang He (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) R Ruoyi Wang (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) X Xiaozhen Liu (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) Z Zhongke Sun (School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology) Y Yantao Yang (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) Y Yao Wang W Wenqiang Chang (Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University) H Hongxiang Lou (Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University) J Jie Feng (State Key Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center) K Kun Zhao L Lingfang Zhu (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University) X Xihui Shen (State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University)

Abstract

Microbial interactions, particularly bacteria–fungus interactions, are research hotspots within microbial ecology and pathogenic biology. However, their underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood, especially how bacterial pathogens recognize and exploit fungal signaling molecules for fungal predation. Here, we demonstrate that Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs an integrated tripartite farnesol-sensing system to detect and eliminate Candida albicans hyphae: The chemoreceptor PctA mediates directional migration toward hyphae; the type IV pilus sensor PilJ activates antifungal type III secretion system (T3SS) expression; and the quorum regulator PqsR monitors farnesol levels to coordinate virulence-metabolic switching. This mechanism enables bacteria to convert farnesol into their own signaling language ( Pseudomonas quinolone signal) according to fungi status, thereby adaptively modulating their virulence expression and metabolism to cope with complex competitive microbial environments. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and functional validation confirm that the PctA–PilJ–PqsR triad is conserved across P . aeruginosa , suggesting that this interkingdom communication is widespread. In conclusion, this study reveals that P . aeruginosa orchestrates a targeted predation strategy against filamentous fungi by coordinating three interkingdom receptors, providing a theoretical foundation and potential molecular targets for understanding of interkingdom communication strategies among microorganisms and the development of signal molecule–based microbial prevention and control technologies.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 123, Issue 17
Published April 28, 2026
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (22)

Z

Zhiyan Wei

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

C

Changfu Li

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

F

Fengge Song

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

X

Xiaoying Zhang

College of Chemistry

S

Shuyu Li

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

N

Nuoping Xu

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

J

Jingchao Zhang

College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology

Y

Yan Luo

Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Porous Materials for Separation and Conversion, Fudan University, 220 Handan, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China

Y

Yuxin Zuo

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

J

Jitong Jiao

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

H

Haiyang He

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

R

Ruoyi Wang

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

X

Xiaozhen Liu

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

Z

Zhongke Sun

School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology

Y

Yantao Yang

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

Y

Yao Wang

W

Wenqiang Chang

Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University

H

Hongxiang Lou

Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University

J

Jie Feng

State Key Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center

K

Kun Zhao

L

Lingfang Zhu

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University

X

Xihui Shen

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University