A cross-sectional survey on depersonalization/derealization and meditation-induced alterations of the self

Abstract

Abstract Depersonalization/derealization (DPDR) involves feeling detached from one’s body, thoughts, or emotions and is often triggered by trauma, stress, mental health issues, or drug use, typically causing high distress. Similar experiences are also reported in meditation contexts, where they are often described as positive, insightful, and meaningful. However, no study has systematically compared DPDR-like experiences across these contexts. This preregistered, cross-sectional study addresses this gap. Participants who had experienced DPDR-like states triggered through meditation (MEDT, n  = 60) or through other triggers (NMEDT, n  = 61) completed five questionnaires and provided additional information about their DPDR experience and meditation practice. The two groups significantly differed on all questionnaires except the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale, including its subscales covering different DPDR aspects. The MEDT group rated their experiences as substantially more positive than NMEDT, though most participants in both groups described them as mixed. In MEDT, these experiences were reported across meditation types and experience levels. Overall, meditation can induce states phenomenologically similar to DPDR, but these are often experienced as more welcome, pleasant, and spiritually meaningful than those triggered by trauma, stress, or cannabis, although distress is not uncommon. These findings suggest contemplative approaches may inform clinical support for DPDR, while highlighting the need for recognition and guidance within meditation settings.