A correlation analysis between nutritional status and physical function in the elderly with pulmonary tuberculosis

Abstract

Background Malnutrition is a significant risk factor contributing to the progression of the elderly with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of the elderly with pulmonary TB using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and explore the relationship between their nutritional status and physical function. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey study. Data collection was from July 2023 to March 2024. 532 the elderly with pulmonary TB who were admitted to a tertiary infectious disease hospital in Chengdu were included in this analysis. The nutritional status of the patients was evaluated using MNA, and they were divided into well-nourished group (≥24 points) and abnormal-nourished group (<24 points). This study assessed physical function using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST). Clinical data and physical function of the two groups were compared, and the correlation between nutritional score and physical function was analyzed. Results There were 109 cases (20.5%) in well-nourished group and 423 cases (79.5%) in abnormal-nourished group. Compared with well-nourished group, the abnormal group showed a decrease in the BBS scores [(52.55 ± 7.10) vs (43.20 ± 16.29), p < 0.05], and an increase in the TUG [9.00 (7.00, 10.00) vs 9.00 (7.40, 12.00), p < 0.05] and the FTSST [12.00 (9.00, 14.75) vs 15.00 (10.00, 20.10), p < 0.05]. Correlation analysis showed that the nutritional score of patients was positively correlated with the BBS scores (r = 0.474, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with the TUG (r = −0.200, p < 0.001) and the FTSST (r = −0.501, p < 0.001). Conclusions Malnutrition is common in the elderly with pulmonary TB. Nutritional status in these patients is associated with the BBS scores, the TUG, and the FTSST.