2D Indium Oxide at the Epitaxial Graphene/SIC Interface: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Devices

F Furkan Turker (Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA) B Bohan Xu (Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University) C Chengye Dong M Michael Labella (Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA) N Nadire Nayir (Paul‐Drude‐Institute for Solid State Electronics Leibniz Institute within Forschungsverbund Berlin eV. Hausvogteiplatz 5–7 10117 Berlin Germany) N Natalya Sheremetyeva (Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA) Z Zachary J. Trdinich D Duanchen Zhang (Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA) G Gokay Adabasi B Bita Pourbahari (Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University) L Li‐Syuan Lu (Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA) W Wesley E. Auker (Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA) K Ke Wang (Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin China) M Mehmet Baykara (Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Merced Merced CA 95343 USA) V Vincent Meunier (Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania USA) N Nabil Bassim (Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University) A Adri C. T. van Duin (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University 1 , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,) V Vincent H. Crespi (Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA) J Joshua A. Robinson

Abstract

Abstract Scaled and high‐quality insulators are crucial for fabricating 2D/3D hybrid vertical electronic devices such as metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) based Schottky diodes and hot electron transistors, the production of which is constrained by the scarcity of bulk layered wide bandgap semiconductors. In this research, the synthesis of a new 2D insulator, monolayer InO 2 , which differs in stoichiometry from its bulk form is presented, over a large area (>300 µm 2 ) by intercalating at the epitaxial graphene (EG)/SiC interface. By adjusting the lateral size of graphene through optical lithography prior to the intercalation, the thickness of InO 2 is tuned such that it is 85% monolayer. The preference for monolayer formation of InO 2 is explained using molecular dynamics and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Additionally, the bandgap of InO 2 is calculated to be 4.1 eV, differing from its bulk form (2.7 eV). Furthermore, MOS‐based Schottky diode measurements on InO 2 intercalated EG/n‐SiC demonstrate that the EG/n‐SiC junction transforms from ohmic to a Schottky junction upon intercalation, with a barrier height of 0.87 eV and a rectification ratio of ≈10 5 . These findings introduce a new addition to the 2D insulator family, demonstrating the utility of monolayer InO 2 as a barrier in vertical electronic devices.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 38, Issue 6
Published January 01, 2026
ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher Unknown Publisher

Journal Info

Advanced Materials

Unknown Publisher

ISSN: 0935-9648 Physical Sciences

Authors (19)

F

Furkan Turker

Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA

B

Bohan Xu

Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University

C

Chengye Dong

M

Michael Labella

Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

N

Nadire Nayir

Paul‐Drude‐Institute for Solid State Electronics Leibniz Institute within Forschungsverbund Berlin eV. Hausvogteiplatz 5–7 10117 Berlin Germany

N

Natalya Sheremetyeva

Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

Z

Zachary J. Trdinich

D

Duanchen Zhang

Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

G

Gokay Adabasi

B

Bita Pourbahari

Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University

L

Li‐Syuan Lu

Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA

W

Wesley E. Auker

Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

K

Ke Wang

Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin China

M

Mehmet Baykara

Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Merced Merced CA 95343 USA

V

Vincent Meunier

Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania USA

N

Nabil Bassim

Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University

A

Adri C. T. van Duin

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University 1 , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,

V

Vincent H. Crespi

Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA

J

Joshua A. Robinson