Chen, F., Zhao, X., Yue, W., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Hu, M., Esper, J., Büntgen, U., Ljungqvist, F. C., Hessl, A. E., Torbenson, M. C. A., Yuan, Y., Hadad, M. A., Roig, F. A., Cao, H., Zhang, H., Liang, Y., Chen, F. (2026). Climate-driven reduction in biomass production of the Eurasian steppe coincides with nomadic migration during the first millennium CE. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2513573123